Rubber roofing has many advantages for commercial buildings. It is ideal for building owners who want a durable, cost-efficient roofing system. Its benefits include weather resistance, energy efficiency, eco-friendliness and longevity. Learn why rubber roofing is the best choice for your commercial building.
What Is Rubber Roofing?
Rubber roofing is a single-ply synthetic roof-covering membrane used in low-slope buildings. A roof’s “slope” refers to the number of inches the roof rises for every 12 inches of depth. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) states a low-slope roof is 4/12 or under. Rubber roofing is an ideal covering for this kind of roof.
Three types of roofing membranes include rubber in their composition:
- Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM): A weather and UV-resistant industrial-grade membrane. Made from ethylene and propylene, derived from natural gas and oil. Available in black or white and in various thicknesses, ranging from 45 to 90 mils.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Chlorine salts and plasticizers add flexibility to this thermoplastic material. Like EPDM and TPO, it is a durable single-layer membrane. PVC tends to cost more than the other types of rubber roofing materials.
- Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO): Polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber make this membrane elastic and durable. Its lighter color reflects heat, making it ideal for keeping rooms or buildings cool.
Although PVC and TPO roofing contain rubber, EPDM is the only roofing membrane made from 100% rubber. When referencing “rubber roofing,” it is most often EPDM.
Benefits of Rubber Roofing
The endurance and cost-effectiveness of rubber roofing make it an ideal roofing membrane. Reasons to choose rubber roofing include:
- Durability and longevity: EPDM lasts more than 30 years with proper installation.
- Initial cost vs. long-term savings: EPDM is the most cost-effective rubber roofing material. The membrane’s long life span and durability tend to offset the initial installation cost.
- Weather resistance: EPDM is resistant to harsh weather conditions and performs well in all climates. This durable material can handle hail, snow, heavy rain, and extreme temperatures. It also features high ozone and environmental pollutant resistance.
- UV resistance and thermal insulation: The membrane is resistant to UV radiation. Its reflective surface deflects the sun’s rays and reduces solar gain. Rubber provides excellent insulation, reducing heat loss and increasing energy efficiency. It keeps buildings cool in summer and warm in winter.
- Sustainability and eco-friendliness: Eco-friendly materials and a long life span reduce ecological impact. A study by GreenTeam, Inc., showed EPDM has the lowest Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to other roof systems. The material used for EPDM is 100% recyclable and often made from recycled tire material.
- Energy efficiency: EPDM’s insulation properties make it energy efficient. It prevents heat transfer, reduces energy consumption and saves on utility bills.
When comparing PVC and TPO roofing to EPDM, consider the following factors:
- TPO: Although TPO membranes may cost a bit more than EPDM, they have a comparable life span. With the proper care, TPO can last between 25 and 30 years.
- PVC: PVC is the a more expensive material compared to TPO and EPDM. This roof can last up to 20 years and rates highly in energy efficiency.
Rubber Roofing Installation
The rubber roofing techniques and materials needed depend on the installation method. There are three EPDM installation methods:
- Fully adhered: Contact cement bonds the membrane when using the fully adhered installation method. The result is lightweight and appropriate for various building sizes.
- Ballasted: With ballasted installation, the weight of an aggregate applied on top of the membrane holds it down. It provides fast coverage at a low cost but is better suited to new construction.
- Mechanically fastened: EPDM that’s mechanically fastened uses fasteners to attach the edges, which overlap to create a seal. This creates a lightweight system suitable for all building types.
Common Challenges in Rubber Roofing Installation
As with any installation, challenges may happen. Hire a reputable roofing contractor with proven industry experience to avoid future problems. Here are some common rubber roofing issues and how to solve them:
1. Poor Installation
This can include inadequate preparation of the roof surface, improper application of the EPDM to a wet surface or incorrect membrane bonding.
Solution: Consult a professional roofing services company to assess and repair the roof.
2. Shrinkage
EPDM may shrink due to poor maintenance, age or improper installation. Water may seep through gaps in the membrane, causing leaks.
Solution: Remove the old flashing and install new flashing bonded to the membrane. If the shrinkage is extensive, replace the old sealant with a new EPDM sealant.
3. Roof Leakage
Leaks can be caused by shrinkage, worn seams or poor installation. Heavy rainfall can worsen the problem.
Solution: Identify the leak source and clean the area. Use materials such as sealants or EPDM patches to restore the watertight seal. If you cannot find or repair the leak, contact a professional roofing company to assist.
4. Bubbling
Bubbles can form when water or air becomes trapped under the membrane. Causes include improper surface preparation, using the wrong substrate or substandard installation.
Solution: Cut the blister to release the trapped air and use an EPDM patch or sealant to seal it. Blisters can signal moisture trapped under the membrane. Contact a contractor if this happens often.
Building Codes and Compliance
Before installing a rubber roof, you must familiarize yourself with building codes. Chapter 15 of the 2021 International Building Code (IBC) refers to Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures. Your state may also have specific codes.
It is essential to follow safety standards for any roofing project. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets safety regulations for roofing workers. When tackling a roofing project, it is vital to follow safety best practices:
- Have the correct fall protection equipment in place.
- Be aware of adverse weather conditions and plan installation around these.
- Ensure equipment such as ladders, harnesses and scaffolding meet OHSA safety standards.
- Inspect the roof for hazards like exposed electrical wires or damage.
- Ensure that roof workers have the appropriate safety training.
Professional roofing contractors have extensive knowledge of building codes and safety rules. They also have the proper safety equipment to comply with regulations. Ensure only authorized people have access to your roof, and always consult with a professional if you suspect leaks or other damage.
Contact the East Coast’s Leading Commercial Roofing Providers
At DDP Roofing Services, Inc., we have more than 35 years of experience in the roofing industry. We are a full-service commercial and industrial roofing contractor. Services include inspections, maintenance, repairs, replacements and emergency services.
For expert commercial roofing advice and services on the East Coast or Mid-Atlantic, contact DDP Roofing Services, Inc. today for a professional consultation or to learn more about our services.
